First of all, you have to remember that the idea is quantum computers will eventually have control over other PCs as we know them today is wrong, at least in the medium term. Using a “normal” home PC is always the easiest and most affordable solution to dealing with everyday problems and user needs, and it will last longer, longer.
However, quantum computers they promise to promote technological progress in many fields, from materials science to pharmaceutical research, which is why many companies are investing in developing this technology.
What is a quantum computer and how does it work?
Quantum computers use some of the nearly "mysterious" quantum mechanics to offer greater advances in terms of input power (the premise that a very simple quantum computer can be much more powerful than today's computers).
The secret of this type of device lies in its ability to produce and use quantum bits, known as qubits.
What are qubits and how do they work?
Today's computers work in bits, which are nothing more than a line of electric (or optical) plates that represent those and zeros in a binary system. Everything from the emails you use to YouTube videos that go with the same story you read are long binary strings.
Quantum computers, by contrast, use qubits instead, which are particles such as electrons or photons. Designing and controlling qubits is an engineering challenge, and companies like IBM or Google use near-perfect automotive circuits for this purpose, while other companies like IonQ treat them by pulling individual atoms into electric fields
Qubits have some things in common, and among them one of our favorite things is that when they form groups, they provide higher power than when using fractions in a binary system. These properties are called superposition and entanglement.
The sky that shows greatness
The biggest feature of qubits is that, unlike single trees and zeros, they can have three states: one, zero, and zero at the same time. This ability to represent several provinces simultaneously is what is called superposition, and in order for the qubits to arrive in the country, it is important to use them laser precision or microwave radiation.
Because of this (seemingly impossible, right? But that's how quantum mechanics works!) A quantum computer with several bright qubits can process a large number of calculation results simultaneously. The final mathematical result only appears when the qubits are scaled, causing their "positive" state to one or zero.
The holding of a number
Engineers can produce pairs of "bound" or "bound" qubits with each other, meaning that both groups exist in the same quantum space. Changing the state into one of these changing values will immediately change the state of the other, and this will happen even if they are separated by long distances.
No one knows exactly how this tangle works, and no one knows Einstein He described it as a "creepy action remotely", but the reality is that it is a power key for quantum computers. In a typical computer, doubling the number of bits can double its processing power, while in a quantum machine there is a high increase in its power.
Therefore, quantum computers do not benefit from these the qubits are tied in the form of chains (Daisy-chain) to do its magic. The ability of these machines to speed calculations using specially designed algorithms is why there is so much anticipation for their capabilities.
This is good news; The bad news is that quantum computers are more likely to perform miscalculations than ordinary computers due to another event: decoherence (or incompatibility).
Quantum incompatibility
The association of qubits with their environment is sometimes triggered its value behavior decays and eventually disappears, in what is called quantum incoherence or decoherence. Its quantum state is very weak, and there is very little vibration or temperature change – it is known by the name "the sounds"In this slang- they can make the qubits" collapse "into their full world before completing their mission. For this reason, it is very important that the quantum computer be completely separated from its surroundings (humidity, temperature changes, movement, etc.) so it is necessary to install it large coolers and vacuum rooms.
However, these cameras and cooling are incomplete and ultimately the sound causes errors in calculation. Smart quantum algorithms fix some of these errors, and adding additional qubits to each calculation is also helpful, but as they count, Thousands of virtual qubits are required to create one 100% reliable qubit
And in that case: So far, researchers have not been able to create more than 128 locations of standard qubits, so to date it is impossible to create a single logical concept. By the count, we've been helping decades to find it, in fact.
What use do quantum computers use?
One of the most promising applications of these systems is to simulate molecular-level behavior. Automotive manufacturers such as Volkswagen or Daimler have used quantum computers to simulate the chemical composition of electric car batteries to find ways to improve their performance, and pharmaceutical companies are using them to analyze and compare potential emissions. creation of new medicines.
The machines are also very good at solving optimization problems, because with their computer power they are able to analyze a large number of solutions for any problem. For example, the company Airbus uses to calculate the best and cheapest routes for its airlines, and Volkswagen has already launched an app that lists the best bus and taxi routes in cities to avoid overcrowding. Many investigators also believe that quantum computing will help to develop Artificial Intelligence at levels we can't even imagine (hello, Skynet).
In any case, it is still many years – certainly decades – until quantum computers can be fully functional, and perhaps even surviving until their use has been stopped. So, we have quantum computers in our homes, surely more than a hundred years remain.
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